The Castle of Urwah bin Zubair is located on the banks of Al-Aqeeq, about 3 kilometres from Madinah, Saudi Arabia. According to history, Urwa bin Zubair (RA) was a renowned Islamic scholar and grandson of Caliph Abu Bakr in the late 7th century AD. Urwa bin Zubair (RA) bought land from Khawwat bin Jubair and built a big fortress, a farm and a well for cultivation. Stones taken from nearby mountains were used to build walls and the foundation of the castle. Castle Gate was located on the southern side, with its architectural elements spread throughout its three courtyards. However, soon after the death of Urwa bin Zubair, the castle was overtaken by the leaders of the Ottoman Empire.

In 2013, the remnants of the historical fortress were discovered and excavated by a team of archaeologists from the (SCTA) Supreme Commission for Tourism and Antiquities. During excavation, many tools and kitchen utensils were found, including pottery, glass, tools made of stone, and utensils. Archaeologists spent more than two seasons excavating and restoring the ruins of the castle.

Architectural Significance

The castle is constructed on the top of a mountain, offering deep insights into the early Islamic architecture and lifestyle. The palace was built with stones coated with mud and plaster, floors were also made of stone layered with mud and plaster. Some floors are in their original shape, consisting of brick tiles and volcanic stones. The structure of the castle greatly showcases the architectural expertise of Islamic civilization during its influential years. The structure and design of the castle represent the defensive strategies of employed during that era in the region. The castle was built not only for defensive purposes but also to monitor and control regional matters and possibly be used as a residence for the ruling party.

The castle consists of three courtyards of different sizes, each courtyard serves a different purpose with a distinctive design. Two courtyards have a view from three rooms. The third courtyard has a view from two rooms and a kitchen, connecting the indoor living spaces and outdoor area. The palace is equipped with two wells, one of which is located within the palace and the other well is located outside the castle. The latter well is known as the Water Distribution Well and has historical significance as it is used to provide water to travellers on their way to Makkah.

Strategic Location of the Castle

The castle was situated in Wadi Al-Aqeeq valley, near the city of Taif. Because of this location, the Castle of Urwa bin Zubair holds a strategic position in the region. As the castle is located on a mountain, providing a vantage point for monitoring and observing activities. The location of the castle enabled rulers of that time to control the key trade routes and main access points of the region. This strategic location of the castle shows its role in controlling and safeguarding not only the area but also the surrounding territories.

Cultural and Historical Significance of the Castle

The fortress is not only a magnificent castle with a unique structure but also a repository of historical and cultural significance. The castle greatly represents its connection to the early Islamic period, providing valuable insights into the landscape and strategic and defensive considerations of that era. Delving into the Castle of Urwah bin Zubair presents a distinctive chance to engage with the vibrant history of the Arabian Peninsula and the wider Islamic world.

Preservation of Historical Castle

Given the historical importance of the Castle of Urwa bin Zubair, continuous efforts are in progress to preserve the remnants and restore the glorious Castle. Excavations and restoration work are still in progress to preserve this cultural heritage for generations to come. This continuous effort to restore the castle showcases the importance of the castle and contributes to a deeper understanding of the region's past.

Restoration work was completed on the castle foundations, walls, arches, and wooden elements and included plastering, insulation, and electrical and mechanical projects.

Urwa Bin Zubair

Urwa bin Zubair was the grandson of Caliph Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), son of Asma bint Abu Bakr (RA) and Zubair ibn al-Awaam (RA). Urwa bin Zubair (RA), during his childhood, carefully observed Prophet Muhammad PBUH and tried to follow his (PBUH) Sunnah. In following the footsteps of Muhammad PBUH, Urwa bin Zubair (RA) fasted on hot days and spent nights praying and seeking blessings.

Urwah bin Zubair was also a well-known Hadith scholar and narrated approximately 1739 hadiths. Urwah bin Zubair (RA) passed away at 71 in 93 CE. May Allah SWT bless his soul.

The Castle of Urwah bin Zubair stands as wonderful evidence of the early Islamic civilization's architectural and historical heritage. Due to its strategic location, cultural significance, and connection to prominent historical figures, it is a compelling site for exploration and study. As preservation efforts continue, the castle remains living proof of the rich history of the Arabian Peninsula and its pivotal role in the early years of Islam.

Visiting Hours

Urwa bin al Zubair Palace is open for visitors; they can visit the palace from 05:00 pm until 11:00 pm, seven days a week. The Urwa bin al Zubair Palace often has many engaging activities; some rooms of the palace show details of the excavation process and the history of the palace. There are also seating areas and places to serve food and drinks to tourists coming there to visit the palace.

Besides Urwa bin al Zubair Palace, visitors can explore other famous historical places and structures in Madinah. One of the important places to visit is Quba Mosque. The Quba Mosque, recognized as the first mosque built by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), when he migrated to Madinah - holds immense historical significance. Additionally, the Qiblatain Mosque, where the Qibla (direction of prayer) was changed during the Prophet's Muhammad (PBUH) time, offers a unique glance into Islamic history. Explore Madina's important places when you have a chance to undertake Umrah journey by booking Umrah packages as Each historical site in Madinah offers a great insight into the rich tapestry of Islamic history.